For the Long-term Prescription Opioid Use After Injury study: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identify opioid overdose as an epidemic in the United States. While many overdoses occur using non-prescription opioids like heroin and fentanyl, approximately 80% of current heroin users report their opioid use beginning with nonmedical use of prescribed opioids, highlighting the important role clinicians play in this epidemic. Almost half of injury patients who present to the Emergency Department are discharged with opioids. While there is concern that overprescribing opioids may be contributing to the opioid epidemic, many clinical guidelines for opioid prescription remain at least partially consensus-based and opioid prescriptions have continued to rise in the ED setting. Studying the intersection between injury and long-term opioid use is important both to develop evidence-based interventions to reduce injury and long-term opioid use, inform clinical guidelines for opioid prescription and improve outcomes among injured patients. The proposed project focuses on trauma-related long-term opioid use following injury. Specifically, this project aims to 1) identify patient, injury and treatment characteristics associated with long-term opioid use, and 2) assess if long-term opioid use following initial injury increases risk for subsequent injury. For the Helping Individuals with Firearm Injuries study: About 200-250 individuals present to an emergency department in King County, primarily Harborview Medical Center (HMC), for firearm-related injuries each year. Almost two-third of these patients require admission for their injuries. While the number of patients with firearm injuries who present to HMC is relatively small, these individuals are at substantially high risk of subsequent rehospitalization for another firearm or assault-related injury, arrest for firearm-related or violent crime, non-firearm-related nonviolent crime, or firearm-related death in the five years after discharge from the hospital.1 Thus, interventions among this group of individuals to promote their health and well-being and reduce the high risk of recidivism, morbidity, and mortality are critically needed. Such interventions may also lead to lower rates of firearm violence and its consequences in the community. We propose to conduct a randomized trial of an intervention program that combines a hospital-based intervention, structured community outreach program, and multi-agency attention. We will provide a brief intervention delivered at HMC to bolster the interaction that all these patients will have with the hospital Social Work staff. To our knowledge, this is the first randomized trial of a multicomponent dual hospital and community-based intervention exclusively focused on GSW victims. Findings of this study can directly impact practice and policy through informing the development of evidence-based programs pertaining to firearm violence in the future.